Tambalan: An Ethnobotanical Study of Traditional Healers and Herbal Medicines in Barangay Peña II, Calbayog City

Abstract

Traditional medicine plays a crucial role in the healthcare systems of remote communities in the Philippines, where access to modern medical facilities is often limited. Despite the growing recognition of ethnomedicine, comprehensive documentation on the healing practices of tambalans remains scarce. This ethnobotanical study examines the indigenous knowledge and practices of traditional healers in Barangay Peña II, Calbayog City, focusing on their use of herbal medicines, preparation methods, and the ailments they treat. Using a qualitative case study approach, data were collected through purposive sampling of ten tambalans, employing in-depth interviews, participant observations, and document analysis. The findings revealed that most healers acquired their knowledge through oral transmission from elders and experiential learning rather than formal education. A total of 62 medicinal plants were identified, processed into syrups, ointments, decoctions, and infusions, each prepared with specific techniques and rituals. The practice of tambalans extends beyond herbal medicine, incorporating prayers, spiritual beliefs, and community service, as they offer healing without monetary compensation. Their role as community healers highlights the strong cultural and spiritual foundation of their practices. This study underscores the urgent need to document and validate indigenous medicinal knowledge, advocating for further pharmacological research to ensure safety and efficacy. Integrating these practices into broader healthcare frameworks through collaboration between traditional healers and medical professionals, policy development, and scientific validation can bridge the gap between indigenous and modern medicine. Preserving and institutionalizing ethnomedicine is vital for improving healthcare access in underserved rural areas while ensuring the sustainability of traditional healing practices and their cultural heritage.