Development of the Comprehensive Technology Transfer Protocol for Strengthening Research Commercialization and Innovation

Abstract

This study focuses on developing a Technology Transfer Protocol to facilitate the structured and efficient commercialization of research in higher education institutions (HEIs). A well-defined protocol is essential to bridge the gap between academic research and industry applications, ensuring that innovations are effectively transferred and utilized. However, challenges such as inconsistent intellectual property (IP) policies, weak industry linkages, and unclear commercialization pathways hinder technology transfer. To address these gaps, this study employs a case study approach, document analysis, and focus group discussions (FGDs) to examine key elements necessary for protocol development, including IP management, institutional policies, stakeholder engagement, and technology transfer models. The findings lead to a systematic, policy-driven framework that aligns with national innovation strategies and enhances institutional capacity for technology commercialization. The proposed protocol is a scalable model for HEIs seeking to establish effective technology transfer mechanisms and strengthen research impact.