Language Vitality and Sustainability: A Community-Based Analysis of Masbatenyo

Abstract

Language serves as a vital expression of a nation’s identity and cultural heritage, making the preservation of native languages essential for maintaining linguistic and cultural continuity. This study examined the language status of Bikol as spoken in Masbate, employing the FAMED framework (Functions, Acquisition, Motivation, Environment, and Differentiation) to identify key factors influencing language use. Additionally, the Expanded Graded Intergenerational Disruption Scale (EGIDS) was utilized to assess the language’s vitality and sustainability. Using purposive sampling, twelve first-language speakers participated in the study. The research methodology was guided by the Sustainable Use Model (SUM), which provided a framework for evaluating the sustainability of Masbatenyo. Data collection involved focus group discussions, surveys, and interviews. The findings indicate that the highest EGIDS potential of Masbatenyo is 4 (Educational) under Motivation, suggesting that the language is perceived as beneficial. The Environment and Differentiation conditions were classified as 5 (Developing), indicating ongoing use but with external influences. However, Functions and Acquisition received the lowest classification at 6a (Vigorous), highlighting challenges in language transmission and functional use. The study further reveals that mass media, as well as economic and educational advantages associated with other languages, particularly English, pose significant challenges to the continued use of Masbatenyo. This study identifies the limited availability of written materials in Masbatenyo as a significant challenge, hindering language preservation. While Minásbate, spoken on the mainland, serves as a common medium for communication among island residents, the lack of textual resources limits its broader use. To address this, the study recommends strengthening the Mother Tongue-Based Multilingual Education (MTB-MLE) program and implementing community extension projects led by educational institutions to support linguistic sustainability. Although various organizations actively promote the language and encourage vernacular writing and oral communication, increasing the production of reading materials remains essential for ensuring the long-term vitality of Masbatenyo.